Fetal defects, especially congenital heart defects, are a major concern for many families. According to statistics from the Journal of Perinatology (2023), about 1% of newborns worldwide have congenital heart defects, but if detected early, the survival rate can be up to 90%. As an obstetrician and gynecologist with a certificate in ultrasound from the University of Melbourne, I want to share how modern technology and professional coordination can bring hope to families.
What are congenital heart defects?
Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the structure of the fetal heart, such as aortic valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, or hypoplastic left ventricle. These cases are usually detected by ultrasound from weeks 18-22 of pregnancy. A typical case I have handled is a 22-week-old fetus diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis, similar to the Singaporean case recently reported in the press.
The role of 3D/4D ultrasound
3D/4D ultrasound not only provides a clear image of the fetal heart but also helps assess blood flow through the heart valves. In a case at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, I used Doppler ultrasound to detect pulmonary valve stenosis at 20 weeks, from which I coordinated with a pediatric cardiologist to plan postnatal intervention to ensure the baby develops normally.
Interventional methods
Fetal intervention: In severe cases, such as aortic valve stenosis, fetal cardiac intervention (such as cardiac catheterization) can be performed. Vietnam has made its mark with a successful intervention for a Singaporean mother, demonstrating the progress of fetal medicine in the region.
Postnatal follow-up: If the defect is mild, surgery may be performed after birth.
Genetic counseling: I often recommend genetic testing for families with a history of heart defects to assess their risk.
Doctor's advice
Early detection is key. Make sure you have regular ultrasounds at the critical weeks of pregnancy (18-22 and 28-32). Don't hesitate to ask your doctor questions about your baby's condition. With my experience and dedication, I am always ready to accompany you, from diagnosis to intervention, to give your baby the best chance.