HMPV Virus: Understanding and Effective Prevention in Winter
August 15, 2025
Introduction
Winter in China, especially in the northern provinces, often sees an increase in respiratory diseases, among which Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been attracting attention recently. As a respiratory specialist with more than 10 years of experience at Shanghai People's Hospital, I would like to share my knowledge about HMPV, how to recognize the symptoms, and effective preventive measures to protect you and your family this winter.
What is HMPV?
HMPV, first discovered in 2001, belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, in the same group as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The virus causes symptoms similar to the common cold, including cough, fever, stuffy nose, sore throat, and in some cases, difficulty breathing or pneumonia. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HMPV accounts for about 10–12% of respiratory illnesses in children, especially those under 5 years of age. The elderly and those with weakened immune systems are also at high risk.
Symptoms and severity
HMPV usually causes mild symptoms that resolve within 3–6 days with home care measures such as rest, adequate hydration, and the use of symptom-reducing medications. However, in young children, people over 65, or those with underlying conditions such as asthma or COPD, HMPV can lead to serious complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia. According to a report from the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, more than 90% of inpatients in the winter of 2024–2025 had influenza rather than HMPV, but HMPV cases still need to be closely monitored.
Prevention
There is currently no vaccine or specific treatment for HMPV, but you can reduce your risk of infection with simple measures:
Wash your hands frequently: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after touching public surfaces.
Wear a mask: Especially in crowded or poorly ventilated areas, masks help reduce the spread of droplets.
Keep your home well-ventilated: HMPV can survive on surfaces for a long time, so regular cleaning is essential.
Avoid touching your face: Limit touching your eyes, nose, and mouth to prevent the virus from entering.
Role of specialists
In my practice at Shanghai People's Hospital, I often use PCR testing to accurately identify HMPV in patients with severe symptoms. For mild cases, I recommend rest, adequate hydration, and the use of antipyretics or decongestants. For complex cases, bronchoscopy and oxygen therapy may be used to ensure a speedy recovery. My experience at Harvard has helped me master advanced treatment methods, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.
Conclusion
HMPV is not a new threat, and with the right precautions, you can protect yourself and your family. If you or a loved one has severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or persistent fever, contact a specialist immediately for timely advice. As a physician, I am committed to providing dedicated and scientific care to help you get through the winter safely.
Author
E. Zhang Wei Ming
China
